2014年秋季学期《科技英语》在线考试(适用于2013年12月份考试)

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2014年秋季学期《科技英语》在线考试(适用于2013年12月份考试)
试卷总分：100       测试时间：--
单选题 阅读理解 阅读理解 完型填空 主观填空题 主观填空题 论述题 其他题 判断题  

一、单选题（共 15 道试题，共 15 分。）V 1.  It is believed to be a problem that will affect only a small ______ of the total population
A. fraction
B. friction
C. affection
D. fracture
      满分：1  分
2.  It is the business of the petroleum industry to find crude oil and gas and to ______ them from the earth on-shore and off-shore.
A. retrieve
B. exchange
C. proceed
D. change
      满分：1  分
3.  Many students complain that they find it difficult to （ ） the goals they have set for themselves although they have studied hard
A. attain
B. contain
C. obtain
D. maintain
      满分：1  分
4.  He hasn't come yet. What do you consider_________to him?
A. happens
B. has happened
C. had happened
D. will happen
      满分：1  分
5.  He believes in himself, _________, in my opinion,  is of great importance.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. as
      满分：1  分
6.  Although he has his own ideas, he seldom ______ advice from other people.
A. overlook
B. neglect
C. ignore
D. disregard
      满分：1  分
7.  _______ is announced in the papers, a nation-wide sports meeting will be held in the city next month.
A. Because
B. For
C. As
D. So
      满分：1  分
8.  For the time being, Philips could not say when such a product as this might be （ ） available, however
A. vertically
B. commercially
C. horizontally
D. rapidly
      满分：1  分
9.  I chose a small room with the window _____ the street.
A. faces
B. faced
C. facing
D. to face
      满分：1  分
10.  After a joint venture dismisses the surplus employee during the contract term, the enterprise will give the dismissed certain ______.
A. comprehension
B. composition
C. compensation
D. consultation
      满分：1  分
11.  The police are trying to find out the （ ） of the woman killed in the traffic accident
A. evidence
B. recognition
C. status
D. identity
      满分：1  分
12.  Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives to be attained _____ into account before starting a new project.
A. be taken
B. had to be taken
C. would be taken
D. have to be taken
      满分：1  分
13.  Before you begin preparing for the second ______ of the interview, you’d better make a list of topics related to your country, culture, lifestyle and personal interests.
A. phrase
B. case
C. phase
D. kind
      满分：1  分
14.  Obviously, if you want to be employed, it is __________ that you should be computer-literate for this job.
A. admirable
B. desiring
C. desirable
D. admiring
      满分：1  分
15.  Different management practices might be the ______ for the company’s problems
A. treatment
B. lure
C. measures
D. cure
      满分：1  分
二、阅读理解（共 1 道试题，共 10 分。）V 1.  
    People can be addicted to different things ─ e.g., alcohol, drugs, certain foods, or even television. People who have such an addiction are compulsive, i.e., they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must satisfy. According to psychologists, many people are compulsive spenders; They feel that they must spend money. This compulsion, like most others, is irrational ─ impossible to explain reasonably. For compulsive spenders who buy on credit, charge accounts are even more exciting than money. In other words, compulsive spenders feel that with credit, they can do anything. Their pleasure in spending enormous amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy.
    There is even a special psychology of bargain-hunting. To save money, of course, most people look for sales, low prices, and discounts. Compulsive bargain hunters, however, often buy things that they don’t need just because they are cheap. They want to believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game; when they can buy something for less than other people, they feel that they are winning. Most people, experts claim, have two reasons for their behavior: a good reason for the things that they do and the real reason.
    It is not only scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also business people. Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business. They consider people’s needs for love, power, or influence, their basic values, their beliefs and opinions, and so on in their advertising and sales methods.
    Psychologists often use a method called “behavior therapy” to help individuals solve their personality problems. In the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems with money.
1). According to the psychologists a compulsive spender is one who spends large amounts of money （ ） .
A. and takes great pleasure from what he or she buys
B. in order to satisfy his or her basic needs in life
C. just to meet his or her strong psychological need
D. entirely with an irrational eagerness
      满分：2  分
2). According to the writer, compulsive bargain hunters are in constant search of the lowest possible prices （） .
A. because they want to save money to help their budgets
B. because they can openly boast of their triumph over others in getting things for less
C. and will not have money problems if they can keep to their budgets
D. but they seldom admit they feel satisfied if they can get things for less than others
      满分：2  分
3). Which of the following is TRUE?
A. All people spend money for exactly the same reason that they need to buy things.
B.
Business people and advertisers can use the psychology of money to increase sales
C. Business people understand the psychology of compulsive buying better than scientists do
D. compulsive bargain hunters do not have problems with money.
      满分：2  分
4). The article is mainly about（）.
A. the psychology of money – spending habits
B. the purchasing habits of compulsive spenders
C. a special psychology of bargain hunting
D. the use of the psychology of spending habits in business
      满分：2  分
5). From the passage we may safely conclude that compulsive spenders or compulsive bargain hunters（）
A. are really unreasonable
B. need special treatment
C. are really beyond remedies
D. can never get any help to solve their problems with money
      满分：2  分三、阅读理解（共 1 道试题，共 10 分。）V 1.  
       Geology is a natural science. With it men can discover all kinds of useful minerals. Geology studies the earth. But of the three spheres, the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the lithosphere, it only directly studies the lithosphere. It studies the composition and distribution of material in the earth’s crust. It studies also the formation, changes and development of rocks and minerals in the earth’s crust.
       Geology is a very complex science. There are many branches in geology. Mineralogy is the science of the minerals. Petrology is the science of the rocks. Geomorphology deals with origin of landscapes and changes in them. Historical geology traces the evolution and development of the earth and of the animals and plants on it. Stratigraphy studies the sequence of the rocks in the earth’s crust. Paleontology deals with the ancient animals and plants. These are just a few of the most important branches of geology.
       Geology is a very important science. We depend upon geology for the discovery of mineral deposits needed by the various industries. A lot of minerals are used as fuel and raw materials. Without them industrialization is impossible. Minerals are also used as fertilizers in agriculture. China is very rich in mineral deposits of all kinds. The study of geology will help us to discover them.
       Petroleum occurs widely in the earth as gas, liquid, semisolid, or solid, or in more than one of these states at a single place. Chemically any petroleum is an extremely complex mixture of hydrocarbon (hydrogen and carbon) compounds, with minor amounts of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur as impurities. Liquid petroleum, which is called crude oil to distinguish it from refined oil, is the most important commercially. It consists chiefly of the liquid hydrocarbons, with varying amounts of dissolved gases, bitumens, and impurities.
       Petroleum gas, commonly called natural gas to distinguish it from manufactured gas, consists of the lighter paraffin hydrocarbons, of which the most abundant is methane gas (CH4). The semisolid and solid forms of petroleum consist of the heavy hydrocarbons and bitumens.
       Geology plays an important role in the search for oil and natural gas. Four prerequisites are necessary for oil (and gas) to accumulate in commercial quantities in an area: (1) The oil originates in a source bed, and a marine shale, once a black mud rich in organic compounds, is thought to be a common source rock. (2) The oil then migrates to a permeable reservoir rock, and to do this it may travel for long distances both vertically and horizontally. Oil cannot move through the tiny openings of the shale source beds rapidly enough to be extracted profitably. (3) A nonpermeable layer must occur above a reservoir bed. Since oil is lighter than water, it tends to move upward through openings and cracks until it encounters impervious beds that it cannot penetrate. The oil may then accumulate beneath the impervious layers. Some gas occurs in solution within the oil, and if enough is present it separates out to occupy the uppermost region of such a trap. (4) A favorable structure must exist to concentrate the oil and anticlines, salt plugs, and faults are common examples. A fault zone may itself be impervious, or faulting may have shifted an impervious bed so that it now blocks a reservoir bed. Stratigraphic traps tend to be more difficult to locate and may form where tilted reservoir beds are overlain unconformably by impervious layers or where the reservoir beds become thinner up-dip and wedge out within enclosing impervious beds. Thus oil that was once distributed in sparse amounts throughout a very large volume of rock may now be richly concentrated within the uppermost portions of favorable reservoir rocks.
       The task of the geologist is the location of promising structures in regions where rocks are favorable for the occurrence of the other prerequisites. Drilling a hole is then the only known method of determining whether or not oil is present in the structure.
1). What is mainly dealt with in the passage?
A. The formation of oil.
B. The formation of rocks.
C.  The general introduction of geology.
D. The roles of geology in finding oil.
      满分：2  分
2). Geology is a natural science and it does NOT study______.
A.  the minerals in the earth’s crust
B. the rocks in the earth’s crust
C. the evolution and development of the earth
D.  the origin of the atmosphere surrounding the earth
      满分：2  分
3). One prerequisite for oil to accumulate in quantity is that the oil originates in ______.
A. a source rock
B. a black mud
C. the seawater
D. organic compounds
      满分：2  分
4). In the formation of oil, a nonpermeable layer above a reservoir bed is necessary because it can ______.
A. accelerate the travel speed of the oil
B. hinder the oil to move upward
C. help the oil to move upward
D. help people to discover the oil
      满分：2  分
5). Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Drilling a hole is one of the known methods of determining whether or not oil is present in the structure.
B. A geologist usually tries to locate promising structures in regions where rocks are favorable for the occurrence of the other prerequisites.
C. An unfavorable structure must exist to concentrate the oil.
D. A permeable layer must occur above a reservoir bed.
      满分：2  分四、完型填空（共 1 道试题，共 10 分。）V 1.  
   In recent years a new farming revolution has begun, one that involves the manipulation of life at a (1) level — the gene. The study of genetics has  (2)  a new industry called biotechnology. As the name suggest, it incorporates biology  (3) modem technology through such techniques as genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies specialize in agriculture and are working passionately to  (4)  seeds that give a high yield, that  (5)  diseases, drought and frost, and that reduce the need for  (6)  chemicals. If such goals could be achieved, it would be most  (7). But some have raised concerns about genetically engineered crops.
   In nature, genetic diversity is created within certain  (8) . A rose can be crossed with a different kind of rose, but a rose will never cross with a potato. Genetic engineering, (9)  usually involves taking genes from one species and inserting them into another  (10)  to transfer a desired characteristic. This could mean, for example, selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with anti-freeze  (11)  from an artic fish, and inserting it into a potato or strawberry to make it frost-resistant. (12), then, biotechnology allows humans to breach the genetic walls that separate species.
   Like the green revolution, (13) some call, the gene revolution (14) to the problem of genetic uniformity—some say even more so  (15) geneticists can employ techniques such (16) cloning and organ culture(培养), processes that produce perfectly  (17)  copies. Concerns about the erosion of biodiversity, therefore, remain. Genetically altered plants, however, raise new  (18), such as the effects that they may have on us and the environment. “We are flying blindly into a new  (19)  of agricultural biotechnology with high hopes, few constraints, and little idea of the potential  (20),” said science writer Jeremy Rifkin.
1).
A. fundamental
B. governmental
C. mental
D. instrumental
      满分：0.5  分
2).
A. got along with
B. given rise to
C. come up with
D. lived up to
      满分：0.5  分
3).
A. into
B. from
C. with
D. for
      满分：0.5  分
4).
A. raise
B. experiment
C. cultivate
D. gather
      满分：0.5  分
5).
A. restrict
B. resist
C. reverse
D. recur
      满分：0.5  分
6).
A. hostile
B. useless
C. hopeless
D. harmless
      满分：0.5  分
7).
A. beneficial
B. disappointing
C. lasting
D. glooming
      满分：0.5  分
8).
A. lines
B. limits
C. species
D. ages
      满分：0.5  分
9).
A. after all
B. on the other hand
C. in any case
D. as a rest
      满分：0.5  分
10).
A. to the point
B. in no case
C. in an attempt
D. with regard
      满分：0.5  分
11).
A. quality
B. superiority
C. priority
D. quantity
      满分：0.5  分
12).
A. In essence
B. In part
C. In advance
D. In return
      满分：0.5  分
13).
A. what
B. where
C. as
D. so
      满分：0.5  分
14).
A. combine
B. contributes
C. command
D. break
      满分：0.5  分
15).
A. that
B. because
C. if
D. when
      满分：0.5  分
16).
A. like
B. for example
C. as
D. is
      满分：0.5  分
17).
A. resembling
B. alike
C. similar
D. identical
      满分：0.5  分
18).
A. issues
B. height
C. difficulties
D. goals
      满分：0.5  分
19).
A. spot
B. era
C. deadline
D. scheme
      满分：0.5  分
20).
A. navigation
B. mystery
C. outcomes
D. destination
      满分：0.5  分
五、主观填空题（共 4 道试题，共 8 分。）V 1.  
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
There are many ways to r(释放) your pressure and  stress from which you have suffered a lot.
  试题满分：2 分
第 1 空、  满分：2 分  
2.  
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
I e(放入封套) my completed application form, giving full details of my experience and qualifications. i am available for interview at any time.
  试题满分：2 分
第 1 空、  满分：2 分  
3.  
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
Strict measures are taken to prevent the escape of low-level(radiate) from the nuclear power plant.
  试题满分：2 分
第 1 空、  满分：2 分  
4.  
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
It is ordered that the annual timber production plan should not exceed the approval annual cutting q(定额).
六、主观填空题（共 6 道试题，共 12 分。）V 1.  
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
Georgia said it would take a(咄咄逼人的)diplomatic steps to respond to the Russian action in order to defend its rights.
  试题满分：2 分
第 1 空、  满分：2 分  
2.  
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
Lakes and rivers that are heavily polluted with organic material are liable to contain less(solve) oxygen than does non-polluted water.
  试题满分：2 分
第 1 空、  满分：2 分  
3.  
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
(depression) people may be just especially in need of the intimacy, the emotional closeness and the social support that marriage can provide.
  试题满分：2 分
第 1 空、  满分：2 分  
4.  
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
The new invention, although not so popular at the beginning, e(最后) won its way into favor.
  试题满分：2 分
第 1 空、  满分：2 分  
5.  
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
Scientists claimed yesterday to have(solution) the riddle of the birth of the universe.
  试题满分：2 分
第 1 空、  满分：2 分  
6.  
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
Any successful and repeatable defeat of a computer’s security controls could result in a(penetrate) of the system.
六、主观填空题（共 6 道试题，共 12 分。）V 1.  
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
Georgia said it would take a(咄咄逼人的)diplomatic steps to respond to the Russian action in order to defend its rights.
  试题满分：2 分
第 1 空、  满分：2 分  
2.  
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
Lakes and rivers that are heavily polluted with organic material are liable to contain less(solve) oxygen than does non-polluted water.
  试题满分：2 分
第 1 空、  满分：2 分  
3.  
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
(depression) people may be just especially in need of the intimacy, the emotional closeness and the social support that marriage can provide.
  试题满分：2 分
第 1 空、  满分：2 分  
4.  
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
The new invention, although not so popular at the beginning, e(最后) won its way into favor.
  试题满分：2 分
第 1 空、  满分：2 分  
5.  
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
Scientists claimed yesterday to have(solution) the riddle of the birth of the universe.
  试题满分：2 分
第 1 空、  满分：2 分  
6.  
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
Any successful and repeatable defeat of a computer’s security controls could result in a(penetrate) of the system.
九、判断题（共 6 道试题，共 12 分。）V 1.  （判断正误）The man denied going into the neighbor's garden and stealing his cow.
A. 错误
B. 正确
      满分：2  分
2.  （判断正误）But for the help of my English teacher, I would not have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
A. 错误
B. 正确
      满分：2  分
3.  （判断正误）A few hours ago, a small suitcase with some important papers were stolen from the general manager's office.
A. 错误
B. 正确
      满分：2  分
4.  （判断正误）Surely, there are lots of problems solving in our research so we need to get well prepared in advance.
A. 错误
B. 正确
      满分：2  分
5.  （判断正误）Equipped with modem facilities, today's hospitals are quite different from that of the past.
A. 错误
B. 正确
      满分：2  分
6.  （判断正误）Mr Smith is coming to visit us soon. We'd better get everything ready before he arrives.
A. 错误
B. 正确
      满分：2  分